模联会议文件写作之决议草案

       决议草案（Draft Resolution）是在一份或多份工作文件的基础上形成的包含对于所讨论议题的实质性解决方案与具体措施的书面提案。在会议中，决议草案的赞成票如果达到或超过全部有效票数的三分之二，即意味着决议草案得到通过而成为了正式的决议。在真正的联合国中，一些决议草案如果得到通过而成为了联合国决议，则意味着它有了法律效力和实际的约束力。因此，决议是一次联合国会议的最终成果，是各国对议题基本达成一致的体现。

       在模拟联合国会议中，决议草案在会议指导审核通过后印发全场。在接下来的进程中，代表们要对决议草案进行深入地讨论。当有修改的必要时各国代表可以提出修正案予以修改。当有代表提出动议结束辩论并对决议草案进行投票时，如果此动议得到通过，即结束辩论程序而对决议草案进行唱名表决。如果决议草案的赞成票如果达到或超过全部有效票数的三分之二，即意味着决议草案得到通过而成为了正式的决议。反之，则意味着决议草案未获通过。

       决议草案是模拟联合国会议中最重要的文件，决议草案的写作在语言、结构和内容等方面有着严格的要求。模拟联合国中的各位代表在撰写决议草案是应该严格遵守相关的要求和规范。决议草案的条款分为序言性条款(Perambulatory Clauses)和行动性条款(Operative Clauses)两类：

       在序言性条款中，每一条款要以动名词形式开头，动名次下加下划线，同时每一条款以逗号结束；在行动性条款中，每一条款要以动词第三人称单数开头，同时该动词应以斜体显示，每一条款以分号结束，最后一个条款以句号结束。

        行动性条款是决议草案最重要的部分，决议草案行动性条款的语言也有如下一些特点：首先，每一条款都表达一个单独且完整的意思；其次，每一条款以动词第三人称单数开头，条款的主语是该委员会，如联合国安全理事会（UNSC）；再次，决议草案行动性条款的句型主要有两种，一种是“动词第三人称单数形式+由that引导的宾语从句”，另一种是“动词第三人称单数形式+国家+to do（动词不定式）”。

        决议草案通常由一个或几个国家起草，并需要经过一定数量其他国家的签字认可，才可提交大会进行讨论。针对同一个议题，可以有由不同国家或国家集团提出的观点和立场不同的多份决议草案，最终采用全体投票的方式决定哪份决议草案最终成为决议，一份决议草案须在得到大会全体成员国2/3多数同意后方可通过。以下为一篇决议草案范例：

DRAFT RESOLUTION 1.1
General Assembly
Report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country
Sponsors: Argentina, Germany, Japan, South Africa, United States of America
Signatories: Azerbaijan, Brazil, Bangladesh, Barbados, Croatia, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Jamaica, Zimbabwe, etc.
The General Assembly,
Having considered the report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country.
Recalling article 105 of the Charter of the United Nations, the Convention on the privileges and immunities of the United Nations, the agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the headquarters of the United Nations and the responsibility of the host country
Recalling also that, in accordance with paragraph 7 of General Assembly resolution, 2819 (XXVI) of 15 December 1971, the Committee should consider, and advise the host country on, issues arising in connection with the implementation of the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the headquarters of the United Nations.
Recognizing that effective measures should continue to be taken by the competent authorities of the host country, in particular to prevent any acts violating the security of missions and the safety of their personnel.
1. endorses the recommendations and conclusions of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country contained in paragraph 86 of its report;
2. Requests the host country to consider removing the remaining travel restrictions, notes that during the reporting period some travel restrictions previously imposed by the host country on staff of certain missions and staff members of the Secretariat of certain nationalities were removed, and, in this regard, notes the positions of affected;
3. States as reflected in the report of the Committee, of the Secretary General and of the host country.